Nanotechnology and Augmented Reality as the Basis for Virtualization of Edu cational Material in Training

The article considers theoretical and practical aspects of using virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) technologies in the educational process. The potential of these technologies for improving education is analyzed, especially in the context of the need for distance learning. The key advantages of VR/AR technologies are highlighted: visualization of complex scientific concepts, access to virtual models of expensive equipment, safety when working with potentially dangerous objects, and increased student engagement. The practical experience of intro ducing VR/AR technologies into the educational process of the State University of Education and Moscow State University is considered using the example of several disciplines: development of an augmented reality mobile application for studying computer architecture as part of a computer science course; creation of virtual laboratory works on the discipline “Introduction to the Physics of Nanotechnology”; additional education program in virtual and augmented reality technologies; use of AR to demonstrate 3D models of molecules at the Chemistry Depart ment of Moscow State University. The integration of VR/AR technologies into the educational process contributes to the formation of modern competencies in students, expansion of the content of taught disciplines and improve ment of the effectiveness of learning in general.

1. Belyaev V. V. (2014) Immersion into Superreality. Based on the Results of the SID 2014 Symposium. Electronics: Science, Technology, Business. (6), 32–44 (in Russian).

2. Belyaev V. V., Suarez D. (2017) Displays for Military Applications: Industry Specifics, Modern Technologies and Development Vector. Electronics: Science, Technology, Business. (6), 52–63. https://doi. org/10.22184/1992-4178.2017.166.6.52.63 (in Russian).

3. Huang A. (2019) Teaching, Learning, and Assessment with Virtualization Technology. Journal of Educational Technology Systems. 47 (4), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239518812707.

4. Ray S., Srivastav S. (2020) Virtualization of Science Education: A Lesson from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Proteins and Proteomics. 11, 77–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42485-020-00038-7.

5. Annappaiah D. H., Agrawal V. K. (2011) Virtualization Technologies and Techniques in Education Learning Applications. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 59, 1824–1829.

6. Klement M. (2017) Models of Integration of Virtualization in Education: Virtualization Technology and Possibilities of Its Use in Education. Computers & Education. 105, 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. compedu.2016.11.006.

7. LaValle S. M. (2023) Virtual Reality. UK, Cambridge University Press & Assessment Publ.

8. Aukstakalnis S. (2016) Practical Augmented Reality: A Guide to the Technologies, Applications, and Human Factors for AR and VR (Usability). USA, Addison-Wesley Professional Publ.

9. Ivanova A. V. (2018) VR & AR Technologies: Opportunities and Application Obstacles. Strategic Decisions and Risk Management. (3), 88–107. https://doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2018-3-88-107 (in Russian).

10. Shevchuk M. V., Shevchenko V. G., Zorina A. A. (2020) Designing the Educational Process Based on Virtual Reality Technology. Informatics at School. (10), 19–31 (in Russian).

11. Belyaev V. V., Chausov D. N., Kurilov A. D., Burdanova M. G., Zverev N. V. (2024) Introduction to Nanotechnology Physics: A Methodological Guide for Laboratory and Practical Work. Moscow, State University of Education. ISBN 978-5-7017-3461-4 (in Russian).

12. Bykov V. A. (2017) Nanotechnology in Modern Science: Science Festival MRSU. Nanotechnology Society of Russia and “NT-MDT Spectrum Instruments” Group of Companies. Moskow (in Russian).

13. Bykov V. A., Polyakov V. V. (2019) Probe Microscopy and Spectroscopy: Instruments and Methods for Comp rehensive Analysis of Surface Structures. Nanotechnology: Education, Science, Innovation: Proceedings of the X All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. Kursk, Kursk State University. 17–18 (in Russian).

14. Todua P. (2010) Metrology and Standardization in Nanotechnology. Photonics. (1), 2–8 (in Russian).

15. Lin Du, Xiaohui Yang, Wenqiang Li, Haoying Li, Shanbao Feng, Rong Zeng, et al. (2018) Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Vancomycin. Biointerphases. 13 (3). https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5016186.

16. Aleksandrov V. V., Bugrov D. I., Kruchinina A. P., Lebedev A. V., Lemak S. S., Tikhonova K. V., et al. (2015) New Problems of the Physical and Mathematical Practicum. Part II. Testing the Quality of Appro ach of the Cosmonaut Rescue Device to the International Space Station. Moscow, Publishing House of the Board of Trustees of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University (in Russian).

17. Khrebtova S. B., Vysotskaya E. V., Minyaylov V. V. (2022) Augmented Reality in Education: Visual and Conceptual in Demonstrating Molecular Models. Davydov Readings, Collection of Abstracts of Partici pants of the II International Scientific and Practical Conference, Sept. 12–13. Moscow, MSUPE. 275–278 (in Russian).

18. Examples of Crystal Structure Models. Available: https://p3d.in/u/crystal3d (Accessed 22 March 2025) (in Russian).