Digital transformation of an organization is associated with significant uncertainty, which is especially high in the economic dimension. Identifying potential threats and developing the necessary measures to prevent the negative impact of external and internal environmental factors are becoming key tasks of risk management. The article reflects the importance of preventive risk management, which is based on a comprehensive proactive approach. A set of measures to prevent risks in the framework of strategic management, project management, and cost management is presented. The study showed that digital initiatives often go beyond the typical ways of making investment decisions in an organization. The aspects of forming investment baskets depending on the differentiation of digital projects by type and scale are determined. A long-term approach to investing in new technologies based on a portfolio approach is substantiated. The relationship between investment goals and digital technologies is revealed. The content of alternative methods for measuring efficiency in assessing digital projects is disclosed, the advantages and limitations of their use are determined. It has been established that these methods to a greater extent reflect the specifics of making investment decisions in the context of the cha­ racteristic features of digital transformation. A conceptual model for managing economic risks of digital transformation of an organization is proposed, caused by the mutual influence of strategic, project and financial processes.

   Retail trade is an important sector of the national economy, as it ensures the fulfillment of both social and economic functions. The retail digital transformation is transforming the retail service of the population, offering new retail facilities and forms of trade. An important aspect of the research of the results of the retail trade digital transformation in different countries is the development of indicators that ensure the objectivity of these results. To achieve this goal, the research summarizes global trends in the development of retail trade in the context of the economy digitalization, conducted a comparative study of the development of retail trade in China, the United States and the United Kingdom, and proposed new indicators to assess the results of the sector di­ gital transformation. The research used data from international consulting companies and national statistics from the countries studied, which allowed us to calculate a number of relative indicators characterizing the retail trade digital transformation. An effective tool for ensuring objective results of retail trade research is relative indicators that take into account an important factor for the development of trade ‒ the size of the country's population.

   Machine learning improves the efficiency of smart home systems, allows home automation systems to regulate heating and cooling systems, lighting, room temperature and other parameters. Data variability and improvement of such systems require constant expansion of data sets, retraining or additional training of machine learning models, modification of algorithms and architectures. The article presents models for predicting heating and cooling loads of a house based on machine learning methods. The results of exploratory data analysis, construction of regression models for predicting the load of heating and cooling systems are presented. The efficiency of selecting hyperparameter values based on the grid search method is shown. A neural network model is considered that allows simultaneous prediction of the load of heating and cooling systems. The accuracy is assessed and the models are compared based on regression quality metrics.

   The energy sector of Belarus makes a significant contribution to national security, socio-economic development of the country and improving the quality of life of citizens. Not having large reserves of energy resources, the state justifiably defines a future effective strategy consisting of energy saving measures, promotion and stimulation of such measures for households and business entities, implementation of automated complexes and administrative and dispatch control to reduce the costs of production of fuel and energy resources. The artic­ le defines promising and cost-effective products, solutions and measures aimed at developing the energy sector in ge­neral and the electric power industry in particular. The use of Smart Grid technology and production facilities for energy-efficient consumption of electricity: data processing centers and energy storage systems, is substantiated.

   A universal software technology for rapid creation and testing of digital twins of robotic systems with adaptive control capability has been developed. It allows for flexible and relatively rapid creation of digital twins of mobile and anthropomorphic robots. A digital twin consisting of simulation models of the kinematic system, control system, and operating environment is capable of almost completely simulating the robot’s beha­ vior in various modes in real or pseudo-real time. The technology operation process is described, starting from creating a solid model and ending with selecting the optimal robot motion control method. Particular attention is paid to adaptive control through reinforcement learning, which allows the system to adapt to changing conditions. Depending on the goals of the proposed object and the availability of initial data, the proposed technology makes it possible design and implement a robot control system or test new control methods. A practical example of applying the technology for creating digital twins to control an anthropomorphic robot aimed at simulating human walking has been implemented. The results confirm a reduction in development time and an increase in the reliability of solutions. The technology is integrated into a single software package, which simplifies the creation of new twins and testing of algorithms.

   The article analyzes global practices of implementing building information modeling (BIM) techno­ logies with an emphasis on their interaction with telecommunication systems. The article considers the stages of BIM implementation – from the formation of a basic model to complex data analysis, as well as the role of cloud technologies and modern communication channels. Particular attention is paid to the experience of leading count­ ries in the field of BIM, including the UK, Germany, Singapore and the USA. Barriers to widespread implementation of the technology, such as process standardization and personnel training, are analyzed. The possibilities of adapting international experience to the conditions of the Republic of Belarus are noted, including prospects for increasing the level of dispatching and the efficiency of facility operation. The article analyzes global experience and identifies the features of using BIM technologies in global practice and in the Republic of Belarus to increase dispatching and telecommunications. The stages of implementing building information modeling technology based on global experience, as well as the possibility of integrating BIM technologies with telecommunication systems, are studied.

   The article presents a system for automated generating of test tasks for students based on the analysis of methodological materials using large language models (LLM). A system capable of automatically generating high-quality test materials has been developed and tested, reducing teachers’ labor costs and increasing the efficiency of student knowledge monitoring. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: developing a system architecture that includes modules for text preprocessing, question generation, validation and filtering, and forming a final test; studying the methods of prompting (precise and structured formulation of queries that define a task for LLM) and additional training of LLM for generating and assessing the quality of test items; testing the system in a real educational process and assessing its effectiveness. As a result of the study, a modular system has been developed that uses two LLMs: the main one for generating questions and the LLM expert system for assessing their quality. The effectiveness of the customization and additional training methods for adapting LLM to the tasks of automatic test generation is shown.

   The aspects of using immersive technologies in creating a virtual anatomical student laboratory are considered, such as the development and optimization of spatial models, practical implementation of the system and future prospects. Recommendations for further improvement and optimization of virtual anatomical laboratories are proposed, and the prospects for using virtual reality technologies in medical education and clinical practice are noted.